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How to Properly Maintain Your Septic System
When you buy a car, you are given an owner's manual containing instructions on how to care for your car. Septic systems often cost as much or more than cars. Unfortunately, nobody gives you a manual when they are installed, and most people have little idea of how to maintain a septic system. Some people don't even know they have a septic system! As a result, many septic systems fail unnecessarily. The price for failure is steep in two ways. More than 1200 people die each year from contaminated water, and failing septic systems are the leading source of water born disease outbreaks in the country today. Septic system replacement is also extremely expensive, with costs running from $5000 to $20,000 or more. Fortunately, there are some highly effective, inexpensive steps you can take to eliminate this problem.
Before discussing solutions, let's look at why septic systems fail. Septic system failure is actually pretty simple to understand. Think about this...When a good septic system fails, the tank doesn't fail, the soil fails...and the soil fails because it won't allow liquid to pass through it. In most cases the soil fails when it gets plugged with solids. Now for your solutions.
Use a Washing Machine Filter.
Did you know that washing machines are one of the leading causes of septic system failure? The primary culprit is lint generated by washing machines, which clogs the soil in drain fields. Did you know that typical family washing machine produces enough lint every year to carpet an entire living room floor! Lint screens and nylon socks trap less than 5 percent of these contaminates. These minute particles, because they are so small and light, do not settle in the septic tank. Instead, they stay in suspension and are flushed out to the drain field where they plug-up the pores of the soil bed.
To compound the problem, much of our clothing and carpeting is now manufactured with synthetic materials such as polyester and nylon. These substances are not biodegradable, and will not break down in a septic system. Instead, they accumulate and clog the soil. Once these non-organic materials enter the drain field, there is no way to remove them.
The good news is that lint can be prevented from entering the septic system through the use of a reusable, inline filter which attaches to your washing machine discharge hose. The filter, called the Septic Protectorä, retails for $149.95.
Avoid Excessive Water Use.
You can also damage your septic system by doing a large number of laundry loads in a short period of time. In standard septic systems, solid materials settle in the tank, while effluent flows out into the ground. If you put more water into the septic system than it is built to handle, the high volume of water will flood your system, and can also flush solids out of the tank into the drain field. A typical washing machine can use up to 62 gallons of water per wash load. On a heavy wash day you can easily put 400, 500, 600 gallons of water down the drain in a few hours (many washing machines use 60 or more gallons of water per load). The solution is to spread out your water use. Do 1 or 2 loads of laundry per day, rather than 10-15 loads on Saturday morning.
Water softeners can also damage your system by putting too much water through the septic system. These devices can put several hundred gallons of water down the drain every week that is not contaminated and does not need to go through the treatment process. Fortunately, there are a couple solutions to this problem. You can upgrade your softener with a newer efficient model that uses less water and regenerates on demand (when you use x number of gallons of water) instead of a timer system that regenerates whether you use water or not. You can also install a mini-septic system for your softener.
Prevent Solids from Leaving the Tank.
First of all, you should get your tank pumped at regularly scheduled intervals to prevent excessive accumulation of solids in the tank. Under normal conditions, you should have the tank pumped and inspected every 1-3 years. Very Important: Tanks should be pumped and inspected through the manhole cover, not the inspection pipe.
Effluent filters, about $70, are installed (by a contractor) in the exit baffle of the tank and stop the larger solids from getting out to the drainfield. These filters are cleaned every few years when you have your tank pumped. They are cheap insurance and along with a washing machine filter, one of the best things you can do to protect your system.
Usage of Household Cleaning Products.
Excessive use of these products can contribute to septic system failure. If you do over 5 loads a week using bleach, problems could arise. Avoid powdered detergents, as they contain non-biodegradable fillers that can plug up your system. Also, be careful with harsh automatic toilet bowl cleaners, which have put quite a few septic systems out of commission.
Should I Use a Separate System for my Washing Machine?
Some people say that you should use a separate system for your washing machine, called a laundry interceptor. However, this is not necessary and is in fact undesirable. Washing machines should discharge into the regular system because it actually works BETTER than discharging into it's own system. In order to work, septic tanks require bacteria colonies which break down biodegradable matter. These bacteria colonies require "food" which is found in our wastewater, but not in detergent. Without "food" these bacterial colonies die, and the system fails. Many people who have installed these systems found this out the hard way, as their systems failed in a short period of time. A research project conducted in several east coast states utilized some rather high tech systems for washing machine discharge and many began failing in as little as 8 months.
Other tips:
Don't:
If Your System Fails.
In quite a few cases, a tune-up can fix your
system and you can avoid the high costs of replacing the system. This tune-up
includes properly pumping the tank, cleaning the drainfield lines, and
installing washing machine and effluent filters. If these measures are not
sufficient, some failed systems can be rejuvenated by fracturing the soil. This
process utilizes a hollow tube inserted into the soil, then a 300 pound blast of
air is injected into the soil creating thousands of tiny fissures. These
fissures allow the drainfield to drain, creating an oxygen atmosphere and
allowing the aerobic bacterial colonies to re-populate. This process can be
performed in a matter of hours with no digging or damage to the yard. The cost
will range from $1,000-$2,000, which is a lot cheaper than a replacement septic
system.
Here's some terrific information on grey water and septic systems: (click on the book titles for more information)
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